The municipality lies within the moist semi-deciduous forest (figure 1.8). There are few forest reserves covering about 108.8sq. Km, including part of the Atewa Forest Reserve. The forest reserves constitute about 15% of the entire surface area of the municipality. Some commercial species of trees contained in the forest are Odum, Wawa, Ofram, Mahogany, Kyenkyen among others. The Atewa forest is noted for its abundant biodiversity and life sustaining significance which needs to be conserved and preserved as indicated in the write-up that follows.
The major soils in the municipality are the Asikuma-Atiwa-Ansum/Oda Compound Association (figure 1.10). Dominating this soil group is the Atiwa series which are mainly red, well drained, deep gravel-free silt loams and silt- clay loams. The Peki series are brown to reddish yellow, numerous ethnic groups that have permanently settled in the municipality with majority of them being farmers and mining workers. This notwithstanding, there are a number of local chieftaincy disputes related to succession in communities such as Apedwa, Asiakwa and Apapam which need to be addressed to avert lost lives and properties. There is also low level of communal spirit among the citizens resulting from apparent politicization of development in the municipality a situation which requires urgent attention from all stakeholders.